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PICCOLI DRAGHI
Prionosthenus galericulatus , (Stål, 1876) by Marco Salemi
Per identificarlo, alcuni studiosi utilizzano anche il sinonimo Pamphagus galericulatus (Stål, 1876). Questa bizzarra cavalletta vive in un areale mediorientale che include l'Asia occidentale, la fascia centrale d'Israele, la Palestina e la parte centrosettentrionale della Giordania. La vegetazione in cui vive questa strana creatura assume i caratteri della steppa: è quindi un ambiente secco e roccioso. Non sono insetti molto agili, anzi sono piuttosto goffi nei movimenti: quando vengono disturbati, si limitano infatti a fare solo dei piccoli e goffi saltelli. L'unica parte del corpo che cambia sono le creste sopra il dorso, che si fanno sempre più evidenti ogni volta che questa specie muta e quindi cresce, specialmente nei maschi. Raggiunto lo stadio adulto, questo piccolo drago a sei zampe vive circa due mesi e mezzo. Terrario e alimentazione Particolare attenzione bisognerà tenere per i piccoli di questa specie ,e’ molto importante che l’alimento che inseriremo nel nostro terrarrio sia sempre fresco,così eviteremo l’insorgenza di muffe che risulterebbero molto dannose per questi insetti .
Grazie a questo sistema protettivo, la temperatura all'interno dell'involucro rimane stabile per tutto il tempo dell'incubazione, evitando il calore eccessivo ma anche conservando un buon tasso d'umidità. In questo modo le uova non si disidratano e gli embrioni si sviluppano con regolarità. Nel mese di novembre possono esserci frequenti piogge, quindi la terra in questo periodo s'inumidisce molto: pertanto l'umidità raggiunge le Appena fuoriescono dall'ooteca si dirigono subito in luoghi riparati per nascondersi dai predatori naturali come lucertole, uccelli etc. Dopo circa due mesi e mezzo diventano adulti, cambiando pelle (muta) circa 6-7 volte.
English version Prionosthenus galericulatus, belongs Orthoptera order, superfamily Acridoidea, Pamphagidae family, subfamily Pamphaginae. In order to identify it, some students use also the synonym Pamphagus galericulatus (Stål, 1876). This strange orthoptera alive in the Middle Eastern country that it includes Western Asia wraps, it centers them Israel, Palestine and the northern part of the Jordan. It possesses a coloration much camouflage, similar one to the sand, and a form with shelves heads. The vegetation in which this strange creature lives assumes the characters of the steppe: it is therefore a dry and full of rocks atmosphere. In the country in which species lives is present more than two thousand than various plants, typical of the zone, represented generally from xerofite, very adapted to these barren places. The form of this orthoptera is detail enough: the many shelves and the strange long crest the back of the body remember a po' those dragons of the fable that read themselves from children. They are not agile bugs much, indeed they are rather awkward in the movements: when they come disturbed, they are limited in fact to only make of the little ones and awkward hops. The male is generally more little one of the female, catching up the maximum length of approximately 2,5 cm; that of the female is instead of approximately 5 cm. Their sight is not a lot developed although the great frontal eyes: they can also see the shadows, but the vision is weak person enough. They possess instead tortuose antennas that, even if stocky and small, can absorb odorose molecules presents in air and therefore to allow the orthoptera to move itself to the food search; they use also in order to orient itself nell' atmosphere and to perceive of the presence of predators. The coloration of this species not varied a lot: also from young person the color prevails beige, than it renders much camouflage one and it adapts to hide in the surrounding vegetation. Only part of the body that it changes is the crests over the back, than they make every time that this dumb species and therefore grows, especially in the males more and more obvious. Caught up the adult stage, this small dragon to six alive legs approximately two months and means. Biology of this strange species is little famous, and also the information in literature decidedly insufficient and are little detailed. Breeding and feeding Seen the reduced dimensions of this species, the container does not have to be particularly wide. For a brace it can be more than sufficient a cubical container of 50x50x50 cm. Regarding the bottom material, it goes used the earth, that it goes hardly maintained humid spraying water a single time to the week, on the substrate, never on the bugs: in fact I have noticed that this orthoptera does not tolerate l' excessive humidity. It must also remember dell' importance of a good inner aeration of the container: for this enough to assure the presence of holes covered with cloth, thus to avoid also the escapes of these invertebrate little ones (date their dimension not greater than cent of Euro). These bugs appreciate the strong heat: till 30°C by day it goes more than well like value, while of night the temperature can calmly come down till 20-21°C. The natural diet is formed from leaves of local graminacee that grow near cliffs. In captivity they are fed of leaves of rovo, lauro, eucalyptus and iperico. Personally I have integrated feeding with apple pieces; they do not scorn also the bran in ribbons. Detail attention will have to hold for the little ones of this species, is a lot important that the food that we will insert in our container is always fresh, thus will avoid the mildew insorgence that would turn out much harmful for these bugs. Reproduction Like already said before, the seies are distinguished easy for the dimension of the male, that he is much little one, of the length of approximately 2,5 cm, while the female arrives also to 5 cm. In the period reproduction the male attracts to the female emitting a sound through friction of the leg against wing (tows to them in this species is present, but in reduced form): this sound recalls the female for connection, that it happens of usual in spring when the season is already much warmth. The male the entire time knows them on the female grabbing hold of with legs over the crests of the back connection then, after approximately twenty days, the full egg female begins the deposition that happens, of usual in a dry and protect place, between june and July. The female of Prionosthenus galericulatus places eggs of form lengthened similar to rice seed, within ooteca that comes inserted in the land by means of ovopositore, to approximately 8 cm of depth. This ooteca, to the resistant tact much and compact one, contains approximately fifty of eggs protect from a covering (that it remembers the polyurethane foam), than the female produces with viscous secretions while it carries out the deposition. Thanks to this protecting system, the inner temperature dell' covering remains stable incubation, avoiding the entire time the excessive heat but also conserving a good rate humidity. In this way the eggs are not dehydrated and the embryos develop themselves with regularity. Summer in this country is truly much warmth: by day they can be exceeded calmly 45°C, while from November to March the climate is generally milder. In the November month they can be to us you attend rains, therefore the earth in this humid period a lot: therefore humidity catches up ooteca placed in the land with the result that the little ones of this species begin makes space in order to leak ooteca. This is the period better in order to be born and to develop themselves: humidity in fact helps the spillage egg, the moderated climate more and fresh it avoids that the little ones they dehydrate in a hurry, and the vegetation guarantees fresh food to voluntad. The little ones of this species survive also to temperatures many lowlands. As soon as they leak ooteca head quickly in repaired places in order to hide from the natural predators like resisted them, birds etc. After approximately two months and means become adults, changing skin (dumb) approximately 6-7 times. Conclusions In all country of this strange bug a lot is many other interesting species anchor to study. I think or a fortune that at least in Israel various international agreements for the ambient protection, the biodiversity, the species in extinction, digestion of the injurious refusals, and studies for the climatic changes exist us: we hope therefore that these little ones dredge can still calmly live between the spiny shrubs and cliffs riarse from the warm summery sun. |


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Science, Nature e Photograpy
By Marco Salemi |